How does mines pollute water

This acidic water forms through the chemical reaction of surface water rainwater, snowmelt, pond water and shallow subsurface water with rocks that contain sulfur-bearing minerals, resulting in sulfuric acid. Heavy metals can be leached from rocks that come in contact with the acid, a process that may be substantially enhanced by bacterial action. The resulting fluids may be highly toxic and, when mixed with groundwater, surface water and soil, may have harmful effects on humans, animals and plants.

Skip to main content. The project will reduce the environmental cost of customers and promote the sustainable use of water resources. Membrane products have been successfully applied in hundreds of cases in more than 20 industries around the world.

With innovative technology and adherence to the quality of the ingenuity, the Central Membrane is bound to turn the project into another benchmark project in the field of deep reuse of mine water. Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by the biochemical processes performed by microorganisms in decomposing certain oxidizable substances in water, especially organic substances, under specified conditions.

The larger the BOD value, the more pollutants in the water, and the more serious the pollution. BOD is an environmental monitoring method, suitable for monitoring water pollution. The adjustment tank of Harbin 0.

An anaerobic tank is installed after the adjustment tank, and the aerobic treatment adopts a two-stage biological contact oxidation process. Sewage treatment process is an urban sewage treatment process developed on the basis of traditional technology.

The structure includes a tank, filler, water distribution device, and aeration device. The working principle is that the filler is installed in the aeration tank and used as the carrier of the biofilm. After aeration, the wastewater to be treated flows through the filler at a certain flow rate.

After the completion of the packing, contact with the biofilm and work together. Anaerobic biological treatment is a method of using facultative anaerobes and specific anaerobes to degrade macromolecular inorganic substances into low-molecular compounds, and then convert them into methane and carbon dioxide, to treat inorganic wastewater. It can be divided into acid digestion. Two stages and alkaline digestion: In the acid digestion stage, exogenous enzymes secreted by acid-producing bacteria convert macromolecular inorganic substances into complex inorganic acids and alcohols, aldehydes, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.

In the alkaline digestion stage, the metabolites of acid digestion are further broken down into methane, carbon dioxide, and other biological gases. Water retaining coal mining is a kind of coal mining technology which can keep aquifer structure stable or water level change in a reasonable range by controlling rock movement in arid or semi-arid areas.

It is a new coal mining technology to seek the optimal solution between coal mining capacity and water resources carrying capacity. The premise of coal mining and water conservation is that there is water and coal, and they needs to be protected.

If there is coal, it is possible to collect it. Water conservation under coal mining conditions is to protect the environment and protect the ecology.

In the northern part of Shanxi, there are two ways to achieve coal mining and water conservation. One is to rationally select the mining area mainly in the planning stage of the mining area and the second is to adopt reasonable coal-mining methods and engineering measures such as filling mining. China is a large mineral resource country. The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources is very important, and the treatment of mine water is vital to the overall environment.

In general, the most widespread mineral water pollution is acid mine water, and the most serious pollution is heavy metal mine water. For different mine waters, it is necessary to adopt a relatively appropriate method. Each treatment technology has its advantages, characteristics, and deficiencies. It is necessary to select the correct process according to the specific conditions to ensure reasonable technology and economical energy conservation.

For high-salinity mine water, reverse osmosis has been applied more highly. For acid mine water, the most widely used method is the limestone trench method, and there are also many emerging treatment technologies, such as sulfate reduction bacteria reactor. The treatment method of fluoride-containing mine water widely used in China is the ion exchange method, and for heavy metal mine water, the precipitation method is widely used due to its mature technology.

The treated mine water can reduce the malignant impact of the direct discharge of mine water on the whole environment, and can also reuse the wastewater to improve the water shortage in the mining area after production. The impact of mine water on the environment has become a hot issue globally.

The formation, prediction, and control of mine water pollution types and the development of new technologies are not only the challenges faced by environmental disciplines in various countries but also the important problems that must be solved for the sustainable development of national economy and society. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Article of the Year Award: Outstanding research contributions of , as selected by our Chief Editors.

Read the winning articles. Journal overview. Special Issues. Academic Editor: Hao Wu. Received 16 Mar Revised 02 Apr Accepted 15 Apr Published 19 May Characteristics and Classification of Mine Water Pollution 2.

Mine Water Characteristics Mine water is the same as the general groundwater before it is polluted. Mine Water Classification The general principles of mine sewage treatment and reuse are: clean and diversion, sewage and diversion, classification and treatment, and quality and reuse [ 6 ]. Environmental Hazards of Mine Water Mine water classified according to the main pollution characteristics, except for the four types of mine water other than clean mine water, has different levels of pollutants.

Different types of mine water have different environmental hazards. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of mine water pollution. Mine water type Processing technology Suspended mine water Coagulation-precipitation-filtration-disinfection Acid mine water Neutralization method, anoxic limestone ditch, permeable reaction wall, constructed wetland, sulfate-reducing bacteria reactor, continuous alkali production system High-salinity mine water Chemical desalination, distillation, membrane separation Heavy metal mine water Precipitation method, adsorption method, membrane separation method Fluoride-containing mine water Electrodialysis, ion exchange, chemical precipitation.

Table 1. Figure 2. Influence of coagulant dosage on turbidity, SS removal rate. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. References F. Liu, W. Cao, J. Zhang et al. View at: Google Scholar J. Lou, H. Kang, F. Gao et al. Lou, F. Gao, J. Yang et al. View at: Google Scholar Z. Jia and D. View at: Google Scholar L. Wu, Z. Wang, S. Ye et al. View at: Google Scholar D.

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